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An old human dream seems to be coming true at the moment. Translation machines promise to finally eliminate the Babylonian confusion of languages by acting as a communicative prosthesis in all possible situations: When going to a restaurant on holiday, during a conversation between a doctor and a refugee, during humanitarian aid operations. But the more the machine advances, the more translation studies withdraws to the human agent of translation. It takes refuge in the translatorial subject. This work confronts the challenge of machine translation through a (self-)critique of translation studies. By means of a theoretical re- and deconstruction of human translation, and against the backdrop of Quines radical translation, it develops a perspective in which machine translation can become a genuine object of translation research.